Passive voice - Causative Verbs - Relative Pronouns

PASSIVE VOICE

• The passive voice is formed by using the appropriate form of the verb to be (for example, is) and a past participle (for example, formed). Fo
• PRESENT
• 1. Simple Present Tense
• Formula :

                          S + IS/AM/ARE + V 3

• Example :

1. I am called by the teacher
2. Mimy is bitten by a little dog
3. The house is sold by the owner.

• 2. Present Continuous Tense
• Formula :

                        S + AM/IS/ARE + BEING + V 3

• Example :

1. I am being called by the teacher
2. Mimy is being bitten by a little dog
3. The house is being sold by the owner.

• 3. Present Perfect Tense
• Formula :

                       S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V 3

• Example :

1. I have been called by the teacher
2. Mimy has been bitten by a little dog
3. The house has been sold by the owner.

• 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
• Formula :

                      S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + BEING + V 3

• Example :

1. I have been being called by the teacher
2. Mimy has been being bitten by a little dog
3. The house has been being sold by the owner.

• PAST
• 1. Simple Past Tense
• Formula :

                      S + WAS/WERE + V 3

•  Example :

1. We were called by the teacher
2. Mimy was bitten by a little dog
3. The house was sold by the owner.

• 2. Past Continuous Tense
• Formula :

                      S + WAS/WERE + BEING + V 3

• Example : 

1. We were being called by the teacher
2. Mimy was being bitten by a little dog
3. The house was being sold by the owner.

• 3. Past Perfect Tense
• Formula :

                      S + HAD + BEEN + V 3

• Example :

1. I had been called by the teacher
2. Mimy had been bitten by a little dog
3. The house had been sold by the owner.

• 4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
• Formula : 

                       S + HAD + BEEN + BEING + V 3

• Example : 

1. I had been being called by the teacher
2. Mimy had been being bitten by a little dog
3. The house had been being sold by the owner.

• FUTURE
• 1. Simple Future Tense
• Formula :

                       S + WILL + BE + V 3

• Example :

1. I will be called by the teacher
2. Mimy will be bitten by a little dog
3. The house will be sold by the owner.

• 2. Future Continuous Tense
• Formula :

                      S + WILL + BE + BEING + V 3

• Example :

1. I will be being called by the teacher
2. Mimy will be being bitten by a little dog
3. The house will be being sold by the owner.

• 3. Future Perfect Tense
• Formula :

                    S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V 3

• Example :

1. I will have been called by the teacher
2. Mimy will have been bitten by a little dog
3. The house will have been sold by the owner.

• 4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
• Formula :

                  S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN +BEING + V 3

• Example :

1. I will have been being called by the teacher
2. Mimy will have been being bitten by a little dog
3. The house will have been being sold by the owner.

CAUSATIVE VERBS

• The causative verbs are used to indicate that one person causes a second person to do something for the first person. One can cause somebody to do something for him or her by paying, asking, or forcing the person
• Let
• Formula :

                   [let + person + verb]

• Use : This construction means "to allow someone to do something."
• Examples:

1. John let me drive his new car.
2. Will your parents let you go to the party?
3. I don't know if my boss will let me take the day off.

• Make
• Formula :

                  [make + person + verb]

• Use : This construction means "to force someone to do something."
• Examples:

1. My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
2. Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat?
3. She made her children do their homework.

• Have
• Formula :

                  [have + person + verb]

• Use : This construction means "to give someone the responsibility to do something."
• Examples:

1. Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient's temperature.
2. Please have your secretary fax me the information.
3. I had the mechanic check the brakes.

• Get
• Formula :

                   [get + person + to + verb]

• Use : This construction usually means "to convince to do something" or "to trick someone into doing something."
• Examples:

1. Susie got her son to take the medicine even though it tasted terrible.
2. How can parents get their children to read more?
3. The government TV commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

• A relative pronoun is used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun. 
• A relative pronoun is usually seen in a sentence at the beginning of an adjective clause. An adjective clause functions as an adjective, modifying nouns and pronouns. 
• Who : Who is used for the people, relative pronoun as subject ( Who digunakan untuk orang, kata ganti penghubung sebagai subjek )
• Formula :

1. Subject + Who + Verb + Adverb, who is located between Subject and Verb
2. Subject + Who + Modal + Verb 1 + Adverb, who is located between Subject and Modal
3. Subject + Who + Tobe + Verb 3 + by ..., who is located between Subject and Tobe
4. Subject + Who + Modal + be + Verb 3 + by ..., who is located between Subject and Modal

• Example :

1. The girl who is reading the Novel in that room is my English teacher ( The girl is my English teacher. She is reading the Novel. )
2. She who can make to believe everyone about that event is my aunt ( She is my aunt. She can make to believe everyone about that event. )
3. The girl who is loved by him is the friendship of my friend ( The girl is the friendship of my friend. She is loved by him. )
4. The man who will be married by her is the kind hearted man ( The man is kind hearted man. He will be married by her. )

• Whom : Whom is used for the people, relative pronoun as object ( Whom digunakan untuk orang, kata ganti penghubung sebagai objek )
• Formula :

1. Object + Whom + Subject, whom is located between Object and Subject

• Example :

1. The woman whom i have talked to will buy a new house ( I have talked to the woman. She will buy a new house. )
2. The girl whom Sally is going with has ever been to Indonesia country ( Sally is going with the girl. She has ever been to Indonesia country. )

• Whose : Whose is used for stating possession ( Whose digunakan untuk menyatakan kepemilikan atau kepunyaan )
• Formula :

1. Subject + Whose + Possesion of Subject, whose is located between Subject and Possesion of Subject

• Example :

1. The man whose wife died last week is my teacher ( The man is my teacher. His wife died last week. )
2. The girl whose bag was stolen went with you yesterday doesn't like you ( The girl went with you yesterday. She doesn't like you. Her bag was stolen. )
3. The woman whose umbrella is green is as old as my grandmother ( The woman is as old as my grandmother. Her umbrella is green. )

• Which or That : Which or That is used for the noun, relative pronoun as subject or object ( Which atau That digunakan untuk benda, kata ganti penghubung sebagai subjek atau objek )
• Formula :

1. Subject + Which / That + Verb, which or that is located between Subject and Verb
2. Object + Which / That + Subject, which or that is located between Object and Subject
3. Subject + Which / That + Tobe + Adjective, which or that is located between Subject and Tobe
4. Subject + Which / That + Modal + be + Verb 3, which or that is located between Subject and Modal
5. Object + Which / That + Modal + Verb 1, which or that is located between Object and Modal
6. Subject + Which / That + Modal + be + Verb 3, which or that is located between Subject and Modal

• Example :

1. The bag that / which is lying on the desk is Helen's ( The bag is Helen's. It's lying on the desk. )
2. The newspaper that / which Pedro gave you was very interesting ( Pedro gave you the newspaper. It was very interesting. )
3. The painting that / which is very beautiful is his ( The painting is his. It's very beautiful. )
4. The bird that / which can be created the spectacle is Mira's ( The bird is Mira's. It can be created the spectacle. )
5. I've just heard something that / which will surprise you ( I've heard something. It will surprise you )
6. Something that / which will be said is about him ( Something is about him. It will be said. )

DAFTAR PUSTAKA :

• http://mbokratu.wordpress.com/2011/01/28/rumus-passive-voices/
• http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/let.html
• http://masterex.narod.ru/english_email_causative_verbs.html
• http://ayuyuliayang.blogspot.com/2012/02/relative-pronouns-dalam-bahasa.html?m=1